Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. J Agric Food Chem. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. Article This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS [47] showed that orange repels An. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. Asian Pac J Trop Med. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. Trop Biomed. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. lemon.docx - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS (cymbopogon First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Barnard et al. Lemon grass Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2008;149:112. Use more than one herb for best results. Parasitol Res. Parasitol Res. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. 2015;14:187. will be tried and tested. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. California Privacy Statement, Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness 2002;96:22531. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. In the study by Murugan et al. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Human Expand View via Publisher Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. 0:45 . Bioresource Technol. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Google Scholar. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. The search was limited to English publications. %PDF-1.5 Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. [] also reported . 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. A recent study revealed that An. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. 1997;123:37986. and ants. dirus. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. PubMed Central Parasitol Res. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. 2013;112:67992. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. PubMed Central Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Govindarajan et al. 2008;103:52934. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and J Vector Borne Dis. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. 2010;13:8596. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). In the Philippines, its Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. [] and Tawatsin et al. Tavassoli et al. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. Indian Forester. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Google Scholar. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. 2009;9:26458. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Extraction Process Lemongrass As Insect Repellent - Pest Phobia insect repellent. Article 2015;437:2826. Steam This, [].Ansari et al. 1995;120:53842. Annu Rev Entomol. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. 2005;10:11908. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. The oil of Citronella has been used for anything upon making the repellent. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. 2012;111:224151. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of Trop Med Int Health. Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. PubMed One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). minimus [45] and An. 2. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. Lemongrass. gambiae was identified. that can be used as an insect repellent. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. mosquitoes. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. borne diseases. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. 2012;49:86. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. Parasitol Res. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Hence, major minimus for 0.5h [45]. Indian J Pharmacol. 2005;19:3039. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. Fish Shellfish Immunol. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. It works on insects without harming or Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. Hook. As said by This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Does Lemongrass Repel Mosquitoes? Here's What Research Says In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. 2007;24:715. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. to the skin. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. C. Making the Insect Repellent repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. 2016;6:9738. A literature review. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. 2003;88:25360. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. dirus. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. [6], with 100% protection against An. PubMed To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. The 2013;11:374411. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. Parasitol Res. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. 3 0 obj Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. used for repelling insects. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Med. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. Furthermore, these related 2014 ). Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). dirus [43]. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. % Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Parasitol Res. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. dirus. 2011;5:1022. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. 2009;7:9204. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]).
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